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                    [post_date] => 2023-11-29 12:29:52
                    [post_date_gmt] => 2023-11-29 17:29:52
                    [post_content] => 
Here's a great little video from Variety in which actress Emily Blunt is handed cards with lines from some of her past roles and tries to remember the movies. It's fun! She's done 52 different projects in the last 20 years, so the task isn't as easy as you might think. Mostly, though, she comes off as a very good egg, and that's nice. Watch the video and then visit our biography of Emily Blunt » [post_title] => Emily Blunt Tries to Remember Her Lines [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => emily-blunt-tries-to-remember-her-lines [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2023-11-29 12:30:31 [post_modified_gmt] => 2023-11-29 17:30:31 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.who2.com/?p=97233 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [1] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 97219 [post_author] => 3 [post_date] => 2023-11-20 08:35:58 [post_date_gmt] => 2023-11-20 13:35:58 [post_content] => [caption id="attachment_97220" align="aligncenter" width="663"]Rosalynn Carter smiles as she chats with Waylon Jennings (in a leather vest and cowboy hat and smoking a cigarette) and Jesse Colter in a fancy White House room. Rosalynn Carter (at right) is joined by country singers Waylon Jennings (with cigarette) and Jessi Colter during a 1980 campaign event for her husband, President Jimmy Carter. The photo, by Warren K. Leffler, is now part of the U.S. News and World Report collection at the U.S. Library of Congress.[/caption] Rosalynn Carter, former First Lady of the United States and for 77 years the wife of former President Jimmy Carter, has died at age 96. She died on November 19, two days after entering hospice care at her home in Plains, Georgia. In May, the Carter Center announced that Rosalynn Carter had dementia, although she continued to live at home. A few months earlier, Jimmy Carter had also entered hospice care at home due to various physical ailments. He survives her, as do their four children Jack, Chip, Jeff, and Amy and their families. The photo above says a lot about Rosalynn and Jimmy Carter, who really were down-home types at the same time as they were globetrotters and world citizens. Country outlaw Waylon Jennings looks like he just managed to get out the bed in his tour bus in time for this event, which was in 1980 for the doomed Carter reelection campaign. One thing I somehow didn't know about Rosalynn Carter was that she was a tremendous advocate for mental health and for fair, kind, and robust treatment for people with mental illnesses -- "the most vulnerable among us," as she put it in a talk at the JFK Library just five years ago. She began doing the work in the 1970s, when Jimmy was governor of Georgia and when people with mental illnesses "were just sedated and knew nothing," she said in the talk. "And now we realize they are human beings with hopes and dreams and thoughts just like everybody else. They want to have good lives, and we still don’t treat them that way." Her whole interview there is well worth the read. (Hat tip to James Fallows for the link.) [caption id="attachment_97221" align="aligncenter" width="663"]Two very young people, one in a naval officer's uniform, smile in a car. Rosalynn (left) and Jimmy Carter on their wedding day in 1946. Jimmy Carter had just graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy, hence the dress uniform. (Photo: Jimmy Carter Presidential Library)[/caption] Just on a lighter note, here's a photo of Rosalynn Carter and Jimmy Carter on their wedding day of July 7, 1946. Jimmy Carter was a newly-commissioned officer in the U.S. Navy, having just graduated from Annapolis that year. He was 21 years old, and Rosalynn was 18. The thing about Rosalynn Carter and her work for mental health is that it's just one small part of what the Carters did together over the years. They helped build 4000 homes for Habitats for Humanity! They started the Carter Center to "wage peace and fight disease"! Under their guidance, the Carter Center has almost succeeded in eradicating the guinea worm, a parasite that afflicted 3.5 million people in 1986; last year only 22 cases were reported worldwide. Amazing. If only all of our public servants were truly such public servants. Salute to Rosalynn Carter for a life well lived.     [post_title] => Rosalynn Carter and the Battle for Mental Health [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => rosalynn-carter-and-the-battle-for-mental-health [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2023-11-20 08:35:58 [post_modified_gmt] => 2023-11-20 13:35:58 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.who2.com/?p=97219 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [2] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 97182 [post_author] => 3 [post_date] => 2023-10-03 15:31:17 [post_date_gmt] => 2023-10-03 19:31:17 [post_content] => Our new biography of Michael Gambon is now live -- just in time for him to join Jimmy Buffett, Tina Turner, and Daniel Ellsberg on our list of famous people who have died in 2023. [caption id="attachment_97183" align="aligncenter" width="621"]A handsome young man and a large older man talk menacingly together Photo: Tristram Kenton / The Guardian[/caption] If you'd like to hear what it was like to work with The Great Gambon, you can't do better than this lengthy piece from the always-fabulous The Guardian. Here's Daniel Craig, remembering his work with Gambon before Craig became world-famous as James Bond and before Gambon became known to the kiddies of the world as Dumbledore in the Harry Potter films:
Michael also loved spinning yarns and could be really mischievous. We were once at a tedious fundraiser – both nursing pints of lager and wondering when we could go home. Then Michael started to twinkle. “My mother used to drive cranes in Belfast,” he told everyone. “In fact, she was part of the construction of the Titanic.” They bought it: “Wow! My goodness!” He carried on and on. Having her fly sorties with the RAF during the second world war deep into enemy territory. Just delicious yarns. ...After we’d done the show, we’d always have a quiet pint together, then he’d jump on the tube and I’d ride home on my bike. I miss him. I hope he knew he was beloved.

Great stuff.

Read on: ‘Delicate, dangerous, anarchic’: Daniel Craig, Michael Mann, Matthew Macfadyen and more remember Michael Gambon » [post_title] => All the Michael Gambon You Could Want [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => all-the-michael-gambon-you-could-want [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2023-10-03 15:31:17 [post_modified_gmt] => 2023-10-03 19:31:17 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.who2.com/?p=97182 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [3] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 97177 [post_author] => 3 [post_date] => 2023-10-02 16:27:56 [post_date_gmt] => 2023-10-02 20:27:56 [post_content] =>
"Faced with a litany of criminal charges, Donald Trump on Sunday told a campaign rally in Iowa that he would prefer to die by electrocution rather than be eaten by a shark if he ever found himself on a rapidly sinking, electrically powered boat." -The Guardian
An old image of the Lincoln-Douglas debates, but now with the two men arguing over sharks vs. electrocution   [post_title] => The Lincoln-Douglas-Trump Debates [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => the-lincoln-douglas-trump-debates [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2023-10-03 15:32:13 [post_modified_gmt] => 2023-10-03 19:32:13 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.who2.com/?p=97177 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [4] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 97165 [post_author] => 3 [post_date] => 2023-09-22 10:32:30 [post_date_gmt] => 2023-09-22 14:32:30 [post_content] => The Atlantic's Kevin Townsend has a lovely little article about how retired President Lyndon Johnson grew his hair out in Texas in the last year of his life. LBJ has curly gray hair brushed back from his forehead and down over his collar It starts with this X (formerly a tweet) from historian Michael Beschloss. Townsend digs deeper into "the joy that is 1972 Lyndon B. Johnson hair" and finds what seems to be the source of those silver tresses:
Former aide Bob Hardesty takes credit for this development. “We were working together one day,” Hardesty recalls, “and he said, in passing, ‘Robert, you need a haircut.’ I told him, ‘Mr. President, I’m letting my hair grow so no one will be able to mistake me for those SOB’s in the White House.’ He looked startled, so I explained, ‘You know, that bunch around Nixon—Haldeman, Ehrlichman—they all have very short hair.’ He nodded. The next time I saw him his hair was growing over his collar.”
Even former presidents need to let their freak flag fly now and then. Johnson got it in just under the wire: he died of a heart attack on January 22, 1973, two days after the dastardly Richard Nixon was inaugurated for his second term. Great story. Learn more about LBJ at our biography » [post_title] => LBJ's Long Hair [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => lbjs-long-hair [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2023-10-03 15:32:53 [post_modified_gmt] => 2023-10-03 19:32:53 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.who2.com/?p=97165 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [5] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 97134 [post_author] => 3 [post_date] => 2023-08-30 15:09:06 [post_date_gmt] => 2023-08-30 19:09:06 [post_content] =>
We'll say it if no one else will: Mitch McConnell is no longer fit to be a U.S. Senator, much less the Senate minority leader. NBC News has the latest story from an appearance today at the Northern Kentucky Chamber of Commerce, a friendly audience if ever there was one. NBC says McConnell "appears to freeze" after being asked about running for reelection in 2026, but there's no "appears" about it. He freezes for 10 seconds until an aide rushes in to say "Did you hear the question, senator, about running for reelection in 2026?" McConnell says "yes" but then continues to stare off to the side with a vacant gaze and lips clenched. [caption id="attachment_97136" align="aligncenter" width="663"] NBC News[/caption] The real tell is that the aide then,  unbelievably, winks at the audience as she says, "I'm sorry, y'all, we're going to need a minute." If somebody winked at you like that while helping granddad at home, the message would be crystal clear: "He's out of it, you and I both understand that, so let's be kind to the old boy." There's no other way to interpret it. She then calls for help from another aide, and that guy's sideways glance says it all. [caption id="attachment_97137" align="aligncenter" width="663"]Aides rush to help an old man at a podium NBC News[/caption] Remember Mitch McConnell, the courtly assassin, the guy always in total control as he poisoned the system by, say, blocking a perfectly legal Supreme Court appointment from a Democratic president? This is not that guy. Just look at him now. His hair is unkempt, his gaze and his mouth are slack. Look at the way he's dressed (I almost said "at the way they dress him"), without a necktie and a with a baggy blue blazer that hangs like a shawl. His aide tries to play it off as if hearing is the problem -- "Please speak up," she says to reporters -- but that's clearly not the issue. His whole affect is “I’m not coherent.” He looks, frankly, like a patient from the memory ward. The exact same thing happened in July, when McConnell froze for 30 seconds while speaking at the Capitol. This time, a spokesman explained it away as by saying McConnell "felt momentarily lightheaded and paused during his press conference today." C'mon. We can all see that's not the case. This guy shouldn't be making policy or voting on important public matters. (Neither should Dianne Feinstein!) We don't know what happened to Sen. McConnell; perhaps it's related to his concussion in March, perhaps he's just 81 and has lost his mind. Journalists haven't been much help in this moment. NBC News helpfully notes that "Reporters did not ask McConnell about the episode before he departed." C'mon! Everything about both of these incidents, especially the way McConnell is babied by his aides and fellow politicians, simply screams that insiders know that this dude is not fit, but they won't admit it to the public. That ain't right. As a matter of honor, patriotism, and common sense, Mitch McConnell should resign immediately. [post_title] => Mitch McConnell Is No Longer Fit for Office [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => mitch-mcconnell-is-no-longer-fit-for-office [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2023-10-03 15:34:57 [post_modified_gmt] => 2023-10-03 19:34:57 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.who2.com/?p=97134 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [6] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 97010 [post_author] => 3 [post_date] => 2023-03-22 10:31:50 [post_date_gmt] => 2023-03-22 14:31:50 [post_content] => [caption id="attachment_97013" align="aligncenter" width="663"]Mexican actor Ricardo Montalban on the set of Star Trek: The Wrath of Khan, directed by Nicholas Meyer. (Photo by Paramount Pictures/Sunset Boulevard/Corbis via Getty Images) Ricardo Montalban as Khan, with members of his tribe. (Paramount Pictures)[/caption] It might be going too far to say that Jack B. Sowards *saved* Star Trek. But he sure threw the franchise a lifeline when he wrote the 1982 film Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. And he definitely did save Mister Spock. Jack Sowards was born on March 18, 1929, so he'd be turning 94 this year. He died in 2007, but not before he brought the fun back to Star Trek. The Wrath of Khan was the only feature film Sowards ever wrote. Oh, he was a veteran writer, but mostly for TV: old-time westerns like Bonanza and The High Chaparral, and 1970s actioners like Barnaby Jones and The Streets of San Francisco. He also wrote some potboiler TV movies, like 1973's D.B. Cooper-inspired Deliver Us From Evil ("Men hiking in the mountains discover an injured skyjacker who parachuted from a plane with six hundred thousand dollars"). That seems to be what got him the Wrath of Khan job. [caption id="attachment_97012" align="aligncenter" width="663"]American actors DeForest Kelley, Leonard Nimoy and Canadian William Shatner on the set of Star Trek: The Wrath of Khan, directed by Nicholas Meyer. (Photo by Paramount Pictures/Sunset Boulevard/Corbis via Getty Images) Bones, Kirk, and Spock, older and wiser, in their new white-collar Starfleet uniforms. (Paramount Pictures)[/caption] Following the pompous and philosophical Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1978), whose main excitement was a bald woman, the franchise was on life support. More potboiler was exactly what was needed. The credit for bringing back the villainous Khan goes to executive producer Harve Bennett. And director Nicholas Meyer says he rewrote the whole thing anyway. But credit definitely goes to Jack Sowards for two wonderful things. First, he invented the Kobayashi Maru test, the unwinnable training scenario that Starfleet cadets must face (and which Captain Kirk beats by cleverly cheating). The Kobayashi Maru immediately became a beloved part of Star Trek lore, so much so that Kirk is shown beating the test in the first Star Trek reboot film with Chris Pine as Kirk -- and with a nifty Mister Spock kicker at the end. [caption id="attachment_97011" align="aligncenter" width="663"]Spock gives the vulcan salute from inside a glass radiation chamber "Peace out!" Spock's death scene in "Star Trek II." (Paramount Pictures)[/caption] Second, Sowards lured reluctant actor Leonard Nimoy back to the film with one juicy sentence: "Leonard, how would you like to play Spock's death scene?" Nimoy, who had already declared himself out for the film, and who had once written an autobiography called I Am Not Spock, couldn't resist every actor's dream moment: a martyr's juicy death throes. Sowards promised Nimoy that the death scene would come at the start of the film, so he would only have limited filming. But then, rewrite by rewrite, the crafty old scribe kept moving the death scene back, until it was the climax of the story and Spock was in the whole film. Nimoy was hooked and made the most of the death scene, with Spock throwing a final Vulcan salute before dying to save the Enterprise and its crew. Sowards was also crafty enough to give William Shatner an emotional scene of his own immediately after, bringing the stars (and screen time) into alignment. The choking up! The bagpipes! Through a classic bit of Hollywood hokum, Spock was brought back to life in Star Trek III. Nimoy kept making Trek films almost up to his death in 2015. It was a happy ending all around. As much as we all love movie stars, these stories of workaday movie industry folk getting the job done year after year are almost as wonderful. Jack Sowards later taught screenwriting at UCLA and Santa Monica City College. Who better?   [post_title] => Happy Birthday to Jack Sowards, Who Wrote a Great 'Star Trek' Film [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => happy-birthday-to-jack-sowards-who-wrote-a-great-star-trek-film [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2023-10-03 15:40:55 [post_modified_gmt] => 2023-10-03 19:40:55 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.who2.com/?p=97010 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [7] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 96992 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2023-03-13 08:41:09 [post_date_gmt] => 2023-03-13 12:41:09 [post_content] => Yes, yes, congrats to Michelle Yeoh and Brendan Fraser and The Daniels and all the famous names. But the really big winner of Oscar night 2023 is Mark Gustafson, director of Guillermo del Toro's animated film Pinocchio. [caption id="attachment_96993" align="aligncenter" width="663"]A bearded man peers at a tiny motion picture camera Mark Gustafson, Oscar-winning animation man. (Photo: House Special)[/caption] Pinocchio is an old-school animated film, made with stop-motion and classic mechanical camera moves. Mark Gustafson has been working in that world for 40 years, which happens to be how I know him: he was the director and I was his co-writer on A Claymation Easter Celebration, which won an Emmy as best animated show back in 1992. We worked for animation guru Will Vinton at the time, and Mark was already one of the studio's hero talents. He told Oregon Live about his early days at the studio in then-remote Portland, Oregon:
“I started at Will Vinton’s back when I was 20 years old,” Gustafson says. “My first experience in show business, literally the first task I ever did, was Will asking me to find the source of a smell, which turned out to be a dead opossum.” Gustafson found the creature, and recalls depositing in the Dumpster at a burger place in Northwest Portland.
Good times! After A Claymation Easter I drifted into other pursuits, but Mark went on with his life's work. The delightful Mr. Resistor, which he made in 1993, shows off the range, manic energy, and dark humor that would one day be a match for Guillermo Del Toro's own mood. Among his many other projects, Mark was also animation director for Fantastic Mr. Fox, directed by Wes Anderson from the book by Roald Dahl. Fast company! Especially given that Mr. Fox was voiced by George Clooney. The animation is terrific! That movie was, to be frank, a lot more fun than Pinocchio. But you can't deny the magic of the Pinocchio animation. It's beautiful work. Of course it took Guillermo del Toro's fame, talent, and Hollywood juice to get the movie made, but it also has Gustafson's signature wondrous and twisted touches all over. Other animators from those years at Will Vinton Studios have also made their mark; one current notable is Hal Hickel, animation supervisor for The Mandalorian. (What a complex job that must be!) Another early Vinton animator, Joan Gratz, won an Oscar in 1992 for her thoughtful and remarkable short Mona Lisa Descending a Staircase. But I believe Mark is the old studio's first Oscar winner since then, and he's no doubt the highest-profile member of the Vinton alumni. The greatest miracle for any animator is to pay the bills and keep animating. Mark has managed that admirably; currently he's a director for the Portland animation firm House Special, still having fun and paying the bills when he's not winning Oscars for feature films. OregonLive says he is now "focusing on his own project, a stop-motion animation limited TV series." Good for him, and congratulations on winning an Academy Award. Salute!   [post_title] => Mark Gustafson Wins a Well-Deserved Oscar [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => oscar-night-2023-congrats-to-the-nights-big-winner-mark-gustafson [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2023-04-20 03:41:11 [post_modified_gmt] => 2023-04-20 07:41:11 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.who2.com/?p=96992 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [8] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 96957 [post_author] => 3 [post_date] => 2023-02-21 16:02:23 [post_date_gmt] => 2023-02-21 21:02:23 [post_content] => [caption id="attachment_96958" align="aligncenter" width="663"]A gray-haired man smiles in front of an American flag Jimmy Carter in 2014, the year he turned 90. (LBJ Library / Carter Center)[/caption] [Editorial note: Rather than read the post below, try this wonderful article by journalist James Fallows, a Carter speechwriter in the 1970s: An Unlucky President, And A Lucky Man. And for an even deeper dive on the Carter presidency, with a blunt look at his personal strengths and political failings, see Fallows's 1979 profile The Passionless Presidency.] President Jimmy Carter has gone into hospice care, the Carter Center announced this week. While his exact ailment is left unstated, the Carter Center noted in its tweet that President Carter has recently had "a series of short hospital stays." As noted by The New York Times, Carter "has survived a series of health crises in recent years, including a bout with the skin cancer melanoma, which spread to his liver and brain, as well as repeated falls." Jimmy Carter was everything that we've been told "real Americans" want in a president. He was a salt-of-the-earth small-town boy who grew up in rural Georgia. He was a military man who went to the U.S. Naval Academy and served on nuclear submarines (and heroically risked his life to prevent a reactor meltdown). He was a family man who left the Navy to take over the family peanut farm when his father died. He was a deeply religious Christian who lived his faith, teaching Sunday school at the Plains Maranatha Baptist Church into his 90s. He was a staunch supporter of democracy who founded The Carter Center to help ensure free and fair elections around the world. He helped Americans pull themselves up by their bootstraps by building houses with Habitat for Humanity. He was a devoted father and family man, husband to Rosalynn Carter for 76 years. He was even a rock and roll fan who was pals with the Allman Brothers and in his 90s was singing "Amazing Grace" with Willie Nelson. And for all that he was roundly rejected after one term by voters who preferred Ronald Reagan, a handsome Hollywood actor who said "I'll cut your taxes." What exactly was Carter's sin? He certainly had failings; he was human. The Iranian hostage crisis went badly for him. But so many of the things that people like to blame him for now were the result of him speaking hard truths. Asking Americans, in the midst of an oil crisis, to turn down their thermostats or drive a bit slower to save 8 million gallons of gas a day -- were these really such grave errors? Isn't that the sort of common-sense can-do spirit that we're supposed to pride ourselves on as a nation? Signing the Panama Canal over to the Panamanians was treated at the time as some kind of grave betrayal of American power. 45 years later, does any American under age 50 remember or care that we once controlled the Panama Canal? Has it impacted their lives? No. But it was good politics to treat Carter like some kind of lily-livered weakling for doing the sensible thing. Turns out that people don't want to hear the hard truths. So Jimmy Carter was excoriated, laughed at, and replaced by a man who raised the speed limit, tore out the solar panels Carter had put on the White House, and told everyone, "It's morning in America, burn all the oil you want!" It's no surprise if, from this, generations of politicians decided it was better not to tell the honest truth. But that's not the fault of Jimmy Carter. Quite the opposite. [caption id="attachment_96961" align="aligncenter" width="663"] Jimmy Carter talks with President Barack Obama in 2011. (Official White House photo by Pete Souza.)[/caption] Jimmy Carter did his bit! And he kept right on doing it for the last four decades, God bless him. He even has helped nearly eradicate river blindess in Africa in his spare time. (Using ivermectin for its actual, sensible purpose, BTW.) Jimmy Carter wasn't perfect, but he was a good guy and a terrific American. We'd be better off with more leaders like him. Salute! See our full biography of Jimmy Carter » [post_title] => Jimmy Carter Did His Bit [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => jimmy-carter-did-his-bit [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2023-11-20 08:36:37 [post_modified_gmt] => 2023-11-20 13:36:37 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.who2.com/?p=96957 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [9] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 96901 [post_author] => 8 [post_date] => 2023-02-10 12:04:16 [post_date_gmt] => 2023-02-10 17:04:16 [post_content] => By Trevon Logan, of The Ohio State University Most people recognize that there are first names given almost exclusively by Black Americans to their children, such as Jamal and Latasha. While fodder for comedians and social commentary, many have assumed that these distinctively Black names are a modern phenomenon. My research shows that’s not true. Long before there was Jamal and Latasha, there was Booker and Perlie. The names have changed, but my colleagues and I traced the use of distinctive Black names to the earliest history of the United States. As scholars of history, demographics and economics, we found that there is nothing new about Black names.  
A 2012 ‘Key & Peele’ sketch poked fun of historically Black names.

Black names aren’t new

Many scholars believe that distinctively Black names emerged from the civil rights movement, perhaps attributable to the Black Power movement and the later Black cultural movement of the 1990s as a way to affirm and embrace Black culture. Before this time, the argument goes, Blacks and whites had similar naming patterns. Historical evidence does not support this belief. Until a few years ago, the story of Black names depended almost exclusively on data from the 1960s onward. New data, such as the digitization of census and newly available birth and death records from historical periods, allows us to analyze the history of Black names in more detail. We used federal census records and death certificates from the late 1800s in Illinois, Alabama and North Carolina to see if there were names that were held almost exclusively by Blacks and not whites in the past. We found that there were indeed. For example, in the 1920 census, 99% of all men with the first name of Booker were Black, as were 80% of all men named Perlie or its variations. We found that the fraction of Blacks holding a distinctively Black name in the early 1900s is comparable to the fraction holding a distinctively black name at the end of the 20th century, around 3%.

What were the Black names back then?

We were interested to learn that the black names of the late 1800s and early 1900s are not the same Black names that we recognize today. The historical names that stand out are largely biblical such as Elijah, Isaac, Isaiah, Moses and Abraham, and names that seem to designate empowerment such as Prince, King and Freeman. These names are quite different from Black names today such as Tyrone, Darnell and Kareem, which grew in popularity during the civil rights movement. Once we knew Black names were used long before the civil rights era, we wondered how Black names emerged and what they represented. To find out, we turned to the antebellum era – the time before the Civil War – to see if the historical Black names existed before the emancipation of slaves. Since the census didn’t record the names of enslaved Africans, this led to a search of records of names from slave markets and ship manifests. Using these new data sources, we found that names like Alonzo, Israel, Presley and Titus were popular both before and after emancipation among Blacks. We also learned found that roughly 3% of Black Americans had Black names in the antebellum period – about the same percentage as did in the period after the Civil War. But what was most striking is the trend over time during enslavement. We found that the share of Black Americans with Black names increased over the antebellum era while the share of white Americans with these same names declined, from more than 3% at the time of the American Revolution to less than 1% by 1860. By the eve of the Civil War, the racial naming pattern we found for the late 1800s was an entrenched feature in the U.S.  
Company E was the fourth U.S. Colored Infantry during the Civil War. Everett Historical/Shutterstock.com
 

Why is this important?

Black names tell us something about the development of Black culture, and the steps whites were taking to distance themselves from it. Scholars of African American cultural history, such as Lawrence W. Levine, Herbert Gutman and Ralph Ellison, have long held that the development of African American culture involves both family and social ties among people from various ethnic groups in the African diaspora. In other words, people from various parts of Africa came together to form Black culture as we recognize it today. One way of passing that culture on is through given names, since surnames were stolen during enslavement. How this culture developed and persisted in a chattel slavery system is a unique historical development. As enslavement continued through the 1800s, African American culture included naming practices that were national in scope by the time of emancipation, and intimately related to the slave trade. Since none of these Black names are of African origin, they are a distinct African American cultural practice which began during enslavement in the U.S. As the country continues to grapple with the wide-ranging effects of enslavement in the nation’s history, we cannot – and should not – forget that enslavement played a critical role in the development of black culture as we understand it today. This article is republished from The Conversation, a nonprofit, independent news organization dedicated to unlocking the knowledge of experts for the public good. [post_title] => A Brief History of Black Names, From Perlie to Latasha [post_excerpt] => A scholar disproves the long-held assumption that Black names are a recent phenomenon. [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => a-brief-history-of-black-names-from-perlie-to-latasha [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2023-02-10 19:42:44 [post_modified_gmt] => 2023-02-11 00:42:44 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.who2.com/?p=96901 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) ) [post_count] => 10 [current_post] => -1 [in_the_loop] => [post] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 97233 [post_author] => 3 [post_date] => 2023-11-29 12:29:52 [post_date_gmt] => 2023-11-29 17:29:52 [post_content] =>
Here's a great little video from Variety in which actress Emily Blunt is handed cards with lines from some of her past roles and tries to remember the movies. It's fun! She's done 52 different projects in the last 20 years, so the task isn't as easy as you might think. Mostly, though, she comes off as a very good egg, and that's nice. Watch the video and then visit our biography of Emily Blunt » [post_title] => Emily Blunt Tries to Remember Her Lines [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => emily-blunt-tries-to-remember-her-lines [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2023-11-29 12:30:31 [post_modified_gmt] => 2023-11-29 17:30:31 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.who2.com/?p=97233 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [comment_count] => 0 [current_comment] => -1 [found_posts] => 3981 [max_num_pages] => 399 [max_num_comment_pages] => 0 [is_single] => [is_preview] => [is_page] => [is_archive] => [is_date] => [is_year] => [is_month] => [is_day] => [is_time] => [is_author] => [is_category] => [is_tag] => [is_tax] => [is_search] => [is_feed] => [is_comment_feed] => [is_trackback] => [is_home] => [is_privacy_policy] => [is_404] => 1 [is_embed] => [is_paged] => [is_admin] => [is_attachment] => [is_singular] => [is_robots] => [is_favicon] => [is_posts_page] => [is_post_type_archive] => [query_vars_hash:WP_Query:private] => 2d699070678a2be1b3b013d0404413d0 [query_vars_changed:WP_Query:private] => [thumbnails_cached] => [allow_query_attachment_by_filename:protected] => [stopwords:WP_Query:private] => [compat_fields:WP_Query:private] => Array ( [0] => query_vars_hash [1] => query_vars_changed ) [compat_methods:WP_Query:private] => Array ( [0] => init_query_flags [1] => parse_tax_query ) )