Desmond Tutu

Activist / Clergyman

Desmond Tutu received the 1984 Nobel peace prize for his nonviolent work against apartheid, the South African government's policy of racial separateness. Raised in several communities in the Transvaal region, he was educated at a Pretoria teachers' college, a Johannesburg seminary and King's College, London. He was ordained a priest in the Anglican Church in 1961, became Bishop of Lesotho in 1976, and by 1986 was his country's highest Anglican official as Archbishop of Cape Town. In the 1970s and '80s he urged global economic pressure against South Africa and led a "defiance campaign" against a government ban on anti-apartheid demonstrations. He and other members of the clergy often intervened in confrontations between demonstrators and police or between mobs and informants. In the 1990s, with apartheid finally defeated, he headed the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Nelson Mandela's new government. Tutu retired as archbishop in 1996 but remained active and outspoken in domestic and world affairs.

Extra credit: The name Tutu, in his family's traditional IsiXhosa language, means "ash." His middle name, Mpilo, means "hope." During apartheid he downplayed his specific ethnicity in favor of wider Black unity... He married the former Nomalizo Leah Shenxane, who goes by Leah Tutu, in 1955. They have a son, Trevor, born in 1956, and three daughters: Thandeka Theresa, 1957; Naomi, 1960; and Mpho (meaning "gift"), 1963... His authorized biography, Rabble-Rouser for Peace, by South African journalist John Allen, was published in 2006.

Other famous African bishops include Francis Arinze and St. Augustine of Hippo.